How do sunglasses use optical principles to selectively filter light of different wavelengths? (Communities - Activities)
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How do sunglasses use optical principles to selectively filter light of different wavelengths? | |
1. Material absorption principle The characteristics of the material itself of Sunglasses are the basis for selective filtering of light. Many lens materials contain chemicals that can absorb light of specific wavelengths. For example, some organic dyes are added to lenses made of organic materials, and these dye molecules have specific absorption spectra. When light enters the lens, the dye molecules absorb light of a specific wavelength range. For ultraviolet (UV), some special compounds can absorb its energy efficiently. This is because the energy of UV photons is high, which can stimulate the electron transition in these compounds, thereby converting the energy of UV into other forms (such as heat energy), so that UV cannot pass through the lens to reach the eye. 2. Interference principle The interference phenomenon also plays a key role in the light filtering of Sunglasses. Some high-end Sunglasses lenses use multi-layer coating technology. The thickness of these films is precisely designed so that the reflected light and the transmitted light will interfere when exposed to light of different wavelengths. When light hits the coating layer on the surface of the lens, the phase of the reflected light and the transmitted light will change due to the different refractive indices of light of different wavelengths in the film. At certain wavelengths, the reflected light reinforces each other, causing most of the light at these wavelengths to be reflected back, while at other wavelengths, the transmitted light is enhanced, thereby achieving selective filtering of light of specific wavelengths. For example, by adjusting the thickness of the coating, the reflected light in the blue light band can be enhanced, thereby reducing the amount of blue light transmitted. 3. Polarization principle Polarization is another important optical principle for Sunglasses to filter light, especially in reducing glare. Light is a transverse wave, and its electric field vector has different vibration directions in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. Natural light is a mixture of light vibrating in various directions. When light is reflected from smooth surfaces such as water and snow, partially polarized light is generated, and the vibration of its electric field vector in a certain direction is dominant. The polarized lenses of Sunglasses contain a special polarizing film inside, which only allows light vibrating in a specific direction to pass through. When the polarized light in the reflected light reaches the polarized lens, only the light vibration component consistent with the direction allowed by the polarizing film can pass through, and the light vibration component in the vertical direction is blocked, thereby greatly reducing glare, and also selectively filtering light in a specific direction. 4. Reflection principle In addition to absorption and interference, reflection is also one of the means by which Sunglasses filter light. Some Sunglasses have special reflective coatings on their lenses that can reflect light of specific wavelengths. By adjusting the material and structure of the coating, the wavelength range of the reflected light can be changed. For example, some reflective coatings can reflect infrared rays back, because infrared rays mainly carry heat, and reducing the transmission of infrared rays can reduce the temperature around the eyes and improve wearing comfort. This reflective coating is like a mirror that reflects light of specific wavelengths, thereby achieving selective filtering of light of different wavelengths. | |
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2024-11-21 (0.437 sec)